Onychoschizia is a condition that causes horizontal nail splitting, and Onychorrhexis is a condition that causes vertical nail splitting. Nail splitting is a very common problem that occurs both in men and women. This condition is a consequence of pressure applied to the nail. Lack of vitamins, minerals, and proteins can be the cause of nail splitting. Exposure to harsh chemicals, repetitive wetting of hands and feet, and excessive use of nail products can also make your nails split vertically.